Reading, Writing, And Walking With God Essays - Fear And Trembling

Reading, Writing, And Walking With God I love God. With my entire heart I burn for him. As a freshman in high school He called me, not with words or anything audible, but by his mere presence; a holy desire within my spirit that wants to love his people, and bring them into a romantic love-relationship with Him. The calling was as a whisper at first, just a small urge, almost a whim, but now it has grown into a war cry that rages in my soul. Im not sure exactly how literature has affected that, well secular literature; the main influence on my faith has definitely been the Bible. When I was fourteen my pastor said on a Sunday morning, Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling. (Philippians 2:12) Dont believe it because I say it, your parents say it, or your friends say it, GET INTO THE WORD AND WORK IT OUT! So I did. I read the whole thing, all of it, in a year and a half. I learned a lot during that time, and my faith was greatly influenced and my convictions were shaped. I know I subconsciously and even consciously picked out in my mind the things I personally found important to hold on to. Nevertheless I developed a great respect for the Bible and everything it says, and I agree with Gallagher and Lundin that the Bible should be viewed as literature to be best understood. Robert Altar and Frank Kermode offer a new view of the Bible as a work of great literary force and authority. They even claim that litera ry analysis must come first before all other uses of the Bible. Without prior literary analysis, the other ways of using the Bible will be hopelessly misguided, for unless we have a sound understanding of how the text fits together as a literary work, it will not be of much value in other respects (Gallagher and Lundin, 66) I have always enjoyed reading because I am an imaginative person. I will refuse to watch a movie if I have already read the book because I like the way I have it imagined, and I feel the same way about our textbook. I prefer not to read Bedfords comments after the stories in the text, because I would rather not listen when someone else is telling me what I should think as opposed to my own imagination. Although I Keeter 2 do enjoy reading; I must confess that it is not a hobby of mine. As a matter of fact, I dont read much at all, other than for classes. Perhaps that is because I am too busy or just distracted. Ive never considered the idea of literature in relation to my faith until I began this class, but I believe it is important, no, vital in helping us to love God with entirety. I believe that to love God with all my heart, soul, and mind, means that my mind should be open to all knowledge, giving me more to offer to Him, and more for Him to use in doing His work. However, not all literature is useful for all purposes. We can use many works of literature for multiple purposes; others may serve only one. Some texts teach, others amuse, others give us joy in the gifts of God. All provide various ways to participate in Gods world. (Gallagher and Lundin, xxvi / introduction) When anything is written, the author puts part of himself/herself into it. Literature is therefore a reflection of life, illustrating some aspect of it. And whether or not the story is true, we may still learn valuable lessons from it. Reading literature allows us take in an extra bit of life, and will help us to live our lives to the fullest. So when I read, it does affect my walk with God. What I read may not impact my beliefs, faith or convictions, but it will give me understanding, appreciation, and knowledge. This knowledge will make me into a better, more well rounded person, and it will equip me with even more to give to my Father in heaven. One question that drives me into

McCarthyism and The Crucible What to Know

McCarthyism and The Crucible What to Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In studying The Crucible, you will inevitably be faced with questions about the play's connections to the "Red Scare" of the 1950s and the phenomenon known as McCarthyism. These connections are important because they demonstrate that The Crucible is not merely a (highly adapted) retelling of historical events but also an allegorical reference to the timelessness of certain central human flaws. In this article, I'll provide historical background on McCarthyism, tell you about Arthur Miller's personal involvement with the investigations of alleged communists in the 1950s, and explain how and why interpretations of The Crucible are so closely tied to the political attitudes and events of that decade. Background on McCarthyism Let’s start off with some background on who Joseph McCarthy was and what role he played in American politics. McCarthy was a Republican from Wisconsin who rose through the political ranks in the 1940s and was elected to the Senate in 1946. When it looked like he might not be reelected in 1950 after a few unremarkable years of service, he decided to try a new political strategy: targeting communist subversives. To see why this was even an option, you have to understand the political climate at the time. The 1950s marked the beginning of the Cold War, an era of great tension between the US and the communist USSR. Conservatives in the US feared that anyone who had any affiliation with the Communist Party was a potential threat to national security because they couldn’t be trusted to remain loyal to the US. McCarthy was able to use this fear to his advantage. On February 9, 1950, he claimed to possess a list of the names of 205 people in the US State Department who were members of the American Communist Party. The public, in the throes of a communist hysteria, demanded an investigation of these supposed agitators within the government. Though many of the people on McCarthy’s list were not, in fact, communists, he still managed to become the chairman of an organization called the Government Committee on Operations of the Senate, which proceeded to investigate "dissenters." These investigations went on for two years, during which the questioning spread to numerous government departments, and there was a continued proliferation of communist panic. This persecution of alleged subversives became known colloquially as "McCarthyism." McCarthy finally lost power in 1954 soon after proposing an investigation of the military to root out communists. President Eisenhower, who never liked McCarthy and had great respect for the military as a former commander, decided things had finally gone too far. He worked behind the scenes to discredit McCarthy. The Army sent inside information about McCarthy’s abuses of power to his critics, and a storm of bad PR finally led to the loss of his position as chairman of the investigatory committee. He died soon after in 1957, four years after the opening of The Crucible. Though the modern-day witch hunt philosophy carries his namesake, Joseph McCarthy was far from the only driving force behind the investigation of suspected communists during the Cold War. Another congressional group called the House UnAmerican Activities Committee played a similar and, some would argue, even more dramatic role at the same time. HUAC was a congressional committee originally established in 1938 with the primary goal of investigating communist and fascist organizations that had become active during the Great Depression. After World War II, as Cold War tensions mounted, HUAC became even more intent on investigating communist activities. HUAC gained significant power in tandem with McCarthy; in fact, HUAC provided inspiration for many of McCarthy’s tactics. Members of the committee were convinced that disloyal communists had managed to infiltrate the US government, educational system, and entertainment industry. Anyone deemed suspicious was issued a subpoena by the committee and subsequently questioned about their political activities and the activities of other potential subversives. People who refused to answer these questions or name any names were arrested for contempt of Congress and even sent to jail. Many were subsequently denied employment opportunities in their industries because they were universally "blacklisted" or shut out by employers who feared that hiring them would be a public relations nightmare. How did McCarthy come up with his catalog of commies? He asked everyone in Congress if he could borrow a pen. The ones who said yes were on the list. YOU WON'T TRICK ME WITH YOUR SHARING WAYS! I BUY MY OWN PENS BECAUSE I'M AN AMERICAN! Arthur Miller’s Connections to McCarthyism Arthur Miller had great distaste for McCarthy’s investigations in the early 1950s, and he claims to have written The Crucible in 1953 largely as a reaction to this tense political climate. He had become fascinated with the environment of paranoia and how it affected society as a whole. When he stumbled upon the story of the Salem witch trials, he finally came up with a way to express those themes on stage.The Crucible was also a reaction his personal disappointment at the decision of his friend, director Elia Kazan, to name some former colleagues as communists in 1952 in front of the House UnAmerican Activities Committee. Many believe The Crucible's high profile as a criticism of McCarthyism partially led to Miller’s own investigation by HUAC. In 1956, Miller was subpoenaed by HUAC after attempting to renew his passport before traveling to Belgium for the opening of The Crucible. He was suspected (not incorrectly) of possessing close ties to the American Communist Party. Miller did in fact write communist theater criticism and was a greater private supporter of communism than he portrayed himself to be at the time, but he never actually joined the party. When he appeared before HUAC, Miller refused to name anyone else who was involved in "subversive" political activities. To be fair, Miller had less at stake than many others who were called before HUAC to testify. Because he worked mainly in theater, he didn't have to worry as much about the effects Hollywood's unforgiving blacklist policy would have on his career. Miller was found in contempt of Congress for refusing to betray his peers, but the ruling was overturned two years later as HUAC lost power and relevance. Many professionals in the entertainment industry found themselves jobless in Hollywood after falling out of HUAC's good graces. The government's influence on movies at this time was much greater than it is today. The Crucible as an Allegory for McCarthyism It’s not difficult to see the parallels between McCarthyism and The Crucible's plot. The abandonment of reason in the face of hysteria is a clear common theme. Arthur Miller wrote an essay in 1996 entitled "Why I Wrote The Crucible: An Author’s Answer to Politics" that provides insight into his view of the play’s connections to the communist panic. Early in the essay, he relates the US State Department’s fear of China after the communist takeover to the fear of black magic in The Crucible. Miller writes, "There was magic all around; the politics of alien conspiracy soon dominated political discourse and bid fair to wipe out any other issue." Miller saw these sorts of irrational thought processes (weeding out officials associated with China in the US government with the goal of diminishing China’s power overall) as corollaries to the supernatural beliefs of his characters. As communist hysteria built, Miller was even more convinced that he wanted to write a play based on this form of collective insanity. He was especially fascinated by people who disagreed with the communist "witch hunt" but chose to keep their heads down and go along with it to avoid their own persecution. He writes, "But by 1950, when I began to think of writing about the hunt for Reds in America, I was motivated in some great part by the paralysis that had set in among many liberals who, despite their discomfort with the inquisitors' violations of civil rights, were fearful, and with good reason, of being identified as covert Communists if they should protest too strongly." This sort of behavior is one of the biggest contributors to the panic that grows throughout The Crucible. For example, John Proctor hesitates to expose Abigail as a fraud because he fears repercussions from the court, and Parris is eager to turn on others to preserve his reputation. In another relevant quote, Miller writes, "The Soviet plot was the hub of a great wheel of causation; the plot justified the crushing of all nuance, all the shadings that a realistic judgment of reality requires." In The Crucible, Miller translates this concept into the Satanic plot that the officials believe is at work in Salem. Danforth claims that there is "a moving plot to topple Christ in the country!" (pg. 91). Danforth also insists that "a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between" (pg. 87). Nuance cannot be tolerated because the people in charge feel that the stakes are too high. Communist infiltration of the US government and the Devil’s infiltration of Salem are both disastrous scenarios that must be prevented at all costs, even if it means throwing innocent people under the bus. Some people (including his former friend Elia Kazan) predictably complained that Miller’s analogy between the Salem witch trials and McCarthyism was bogus. After all, communists are real, and witches aren’t. Miller, however, says he viewed the analogy as perfectly sound. He argues that, in the 17th century, "the existence of witches was never questioned by the loftiest minds in Europe and America" because the Bible spoke of their existence. Witches were just as real to people in the 1690s as communists were to people in the 1950s. He adds, "The more I read into the Salem panic, the more it touched off corresponding ages of common experiences in the fifties: the old friend of a blacklisted person crossing the street to avoid being seen talking to him; the overnight conversions of former leftists into born-again patriots; and so on. Apparently, certain processes are universal." Miller was fascinated by what happened in Salem because of the parallels he could draw to the events of his life amidst the Red Scare. The Crucible has resonated across time because it expresses central truths about human nature. People will go to great lengths to avoid being ostracized by society, including, in many cases, betraying their true beliefs and selling out their friends. If patriotism is taken too far, it can transform itself into a hatred of "outsiders" rather than a love of political freedoms. This type of harmful attitude remains an issue in the US to this day. Why Does the Relationship Between McCarthyism and The Crucible Matter? Miller closes his essay by saying, "I am not sure what The Crucible is telling people now, but I know that its paranoid center is still pumping out the same darkly attractive warning that it did in the fifties." Though we like to think of ourselves more enlightened than the people who conducted the Salem witch trials, virtually the same course of events has occurred many times in more recent history. The fear of witches only seems archaic because most of society no longer holds serious beliefs in the supernatural. Today, scenarios like this can be even more insidious because "witch hunts" are conducted for types of people that really do exist. There were, of course, communists in the US in the 1950s, but the vast majority of them had no designs on overthrowing the US government or becoming Soviet spies. The danger lies in assuming that purely because someone holds a political or religious belief, he or she must pose a threat. People who are viewed as "other" continue to be persecuted out of fear and ignorance. The Crucible and McCarthyism can be compared to other modern forms of rumor, persecution, suspicion, and hysteria such as: The AIDS scare in the 80’s and 90’s Fear of terrorism in the past 15 or 20 years and how that’s affected US views and policies The Obama "birther" movement The many rumors perpetuated by gullible people on social media Afterword: Discussion Questions Now that you've read the article, you can try your hand at answering some of these discussion questions. I've included a few different types of questions on this topic that you might encounter in your English class: Discuss how Miller’s point of view influences the reading of the play. How did his own experiences shape his writing? Where does "fear" come from? Why, as a nation, do we fear others? Why, as individuals, do we fear others? Describe the political climate of the 1950s. Why did Senator McCarthy become a powerful figure? How did he influence politics in the fifties? As a socially conscious writer, Miller intended this play as a comment on McCarthyism. What are the parallels between the incidents Miller dramatizes and the acts of Senator McCarthy in the 1950s? Compare the events of the play to other historical or current events where innocent people are used as scapegoats. Is this a timeless cautionary tale? What's Next? Check out our full book summary of The Crucible so you can see for yourself how the play fits into its historical context. Need some quotes to fill out your essay for English class? Read this article for a list of all the most important quotes in the play, categorized by theme. To fully understand the messages of The Crucible, you need to get to know the main characters. We've written detailed character analyses for Abigail Williams, Rebecca Nurse, Mary Warren, John Proctor, and Giles Corey. Interested in what witchcraft and magic in America looked like in the years leading up to the publication of The Crucible? Learn who Aleister Crowley was and what influence he had on counter-culture with this article. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

7 Top class apps that every Grad student must use

Social Media 7 Top class apps that every Grad student must use Today’s technological world has changed the definition of almost everything, whether it is related with education, corporate world and other fields. It is through technology, the world is becoming a small place, where each and everyone can communicate sitting at any corner of the globe. Many new applications are regularly stepping ahead and thereby, making every task simple and trouble free (Galbraith and et.al., 2007). Apps are considered as the wave of the future man. Talking about the use of apps in the classrooms, soon each and every classroom will be filled with apps of all sizes as well as shapes. They will sooner or later replace the books and maybe someday friends and family. However, till then students who want to grade high in their assessments require apps on their computing device in order to succeed their school. Irrespective the students are taking notes, reading, typing up, annotating photosynthesis PDFs on the juxtaposition of thing A and thing B, there are man y best applications to get their work and schoolwork done quite easily (Tomei, 2009). Of course, it still depends on the students that whether they actually want to do work or not, but these applications when tucked into their iPad, MacBook, One X or ZenBook will help in cutting down their work to some extent (Henning, 2007). The present article will throw light on the applications related with the class that should be used by the grade students to score higher marks. The subsequent snippet will discuss about the class apps which are useful for the students and will make their work easy. The first classroom application is Dropbox. It is nothing but a multifaceted tool, which is very powerful. This app can be used to store and sync the files and documents across the tablets, computers and smart phones. Students can simply write a lesson plan or the lecture in their computer at home and put it on their Dropbox folder and whoosh!!! It will be synced with their work computer (Hollander, 2013). During their free period they can just open that file, make alternations and that change will be synced automatically with their home computer. Thus, it can be said that it is very seamless, free and fast. All the grade students can make use of this application in many ways. They can just manage their own materials and make it readily accessible. In addition to this, Dropbox works across platforms and devices and thus, students can use a Mac at home, an iPad, a Blackberry phone, a PC at work, all will have access to their documents and materials. Dropbox makes the life a lot easier . The very first thing the professors are required to do is they need to create a sharing folder for each and every class they teach so that they can make available crucial information to all the students (Smith, 2003). There are many benefits which can be availed by the students by using the Dropbox app. Grade students uses this app to submit their presentations and all visual components and thus, saves their time, which can be utilized in some fruitful work. Another important classroom application for the students and teachers is Skitch app. Now, most of the students as well as teachers are moving towards a paperless teaching and learning world. Recent advancements of technology and invention of iPad, Elmo and projector in almost every schools and colleges has rapidly changed the working patterns and business in the classrooms (Galbraith and et.al., 2007). There are many applications for the purpose of planning, collecting, capturing the students learning, anecdotal notes and teaching; however the most useful is Skitch. This application allows the students and teachers to take a snap or screenshot and allow them to write directly on it in order to make the point swiftly. In addition, it can be used for numerous learning experiences. Skitch helps in enhancing the discussions with the students by providing a support to them in learning more visible. Hence, students can learn and understands the basic concepts easily, which in turn will hel p them score higher grades. Further, they can do many things in their learning to show their level of understanding if iPads and Macs are made available for use in the classrooms (MacDonald, 2012). The third important tool that can be used by the students is sticky notes. Teacher can give sticky notes in the classroom to make them write the things that they have learned in the class and can check the order to understanding and thinking. Not only teachers, but students can also be benefited by this. Students will be able to confront their exact understanding of what they have learned (MacDonald, 2012). There are many ways in which the sticky notes are useful in the classrooms as well as for the students. Grade students make use of sticky notes for the purpose of organizing the folders, notepapers and study cards. Sometimes, while reading the difficult passages from the technical textbooks, students are being encouraged by the teachers to summarize the things on the sticky note and place it on the margin so that it becomes easy for them to search it out in the near future. There some of the students who storyboard their writing with the sticky notes so that can be moved around. I n addition, it also allows them to take the advantage of ideas spawned out of order. Furthermore, the students can make use of sticky notes to determine the things in the classrooms, categorizing the items by type and by labelling items in a target language (Hollander, 2013). There are many students who draw antics of stick men at the bottom of the sticky note so that when they flip the pages, it emerges as if the men are moving. All these things require planning as well as higher level of thinking. Talking in regards with the Resoph Notes, it is another important app that students should use in order to score higher marks and manage their work easily. With this application, students can take super-fast notes in plain text that will never be unable to get along with the future word processing software being used by the students. In simple words, it can be said that one can open their notes from different apps on both the computer and mobile device such as Simplenote and Flick Note. Further, within Resoph Notes, the students can search for text as well input text (Hess, 2011). Wolfram Alpha is also a new app for the students, which allows them to answer most of their questions in regards with the mathematics, chemistry, physics, words, demographics, dates of essential events, conversions and many more (Tiwana, 2013). There is an erudition curve for figuring out how the questions should be entered, however the time students figured it out, Wolfram Alpha app is able to unravel each and everything being thrown at it. Hence, with this app students will be able to solve complex questions regardless of their subject and topic. This will be considered as a steer to them, which will help in showing them right path of success. Throwing light on the e-reading application, Amazon’s Kindle app is considered as one of the best app for the students, which works on all the platforms. Kindle app has a mammoth library and it is most likely that it will not going to be out of style any time soon. Because of this reason, it is suggested that students should make use of this app in order to grab their textbooks and novels (Galbraith and et.al., 2007). One thing of this app, which is being liked by most of the people, it is quite simple and easy to share highlights and quotes being like by them. In addition, if student finds any problem parsing what’s imperative in the book he or she is reading something you're reading, they can just turn on the notes and popular highlights from other users of the Amazon. Finally, this app also helps the students to take all the books and notes with them and even they can have access by the cloud reader. Thus, it is coolest web app, which can be accessed on any library c omputer. Last but not the least, Pixelmator is one of the best reasonably priced photo editing suites for Mac which helps in offering more bang for the students buck as compared to Adobe Photoshop. This app is very useful for editing the visual projects; however it may not include all the favorite Photoshop keyboard shortcuts or filters. Pixelmator allows the users to save and export the files quirkily and is of great value and elegant looking (Tomei, 2009). Finally, it also have a iCloud Sync for their users files amid computers, touch-up tools, numerous filters and the capability to export the files to the users social networks. To conclude it can be well-attributed that all these applications can solve major problems of those students who are facing difficulties while managing their materials, editing their visual projects, searching textbooks and many more. For instance, by making use of sticky notes student comment on the other student’s work and assignments and put forward many suggestions for the betterment and compliments on the sticky notes. Another app i.e. Dropbox can be used as a great learning and teaching tool for the grade students. REFERENCES Books and Journals Galbraith, P.L. and et.al., 2007. Modelling and Applications in Mathematics Education: The 14th ICMI Study. Springer Science & Business Media. Tomei, L.A., 2009. ICTs for Modern Educational and Instructional Advancement: New Approaches to Teaching: New Approaches to Teaching. IGI Global. Henning, J., 2007. The Art of Discussion-Based Teaching: Opening Up Conversation in the Classroom. Routledge. Hess, A., 2011. iPad 2 Fully Loaded. John Wiley & Sons. Tiwana., A., 2013. Platform Ecosystems: Aligning Architecture, Governance, and Strategy. Newnes. Hollander, B.G., 2013. Participating in Plays, Skits, and Debates with Cool New Digital Tools. The Rosen Publishing Group. Smith, G.G., 2003. The web versus the classroom: instructor experiences in discussion-based and mathematics-based disciplines. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 29. pp.29-59. MacDonald, M., 2012. Classroom Aesthetics in Early Childhood Education. Journal of Education and Learning. 1(1). p.49.

An Unequal Division of Labour in the Medical Profession Essay

An Unequal Division of Labour in the Medical Profession - Essay Example An important goal for medical education today is professional development including gender equality and awareness of gender issues. Medical school is the breeding background for not only medical knowledge but also for professional development and careers, including equal opportunities and gender equality. In order to understand how unequal the division of labour in the medical profession actually is and the process of how it has changed from the past to the present, the following points must be considered: Historically both the gendered role of nursing and the sex of nurses were almost exclusively female. More than half of the people involved in health care have always been women. Historically, women were considered healers, and it was they who gave almost all the medical help that was available until two centuries ago. It may well be said that most practical medicines were in the hands of women in the past times. Even though women were more often than not completely ignored when applying for admittance to medical schools, it was almost solely women, who gathered herbs and infused them into vegetable remedies, bathed the arthritic and manipulated their joints, and looked after pregnant women and delivered their babies. â€Å"However in classical Egypt for many centuries women had a significant role as physicians, notably in the medical schools at Heliopolis and Sais.† (Carr, n.d.). During the dark ages, the best-known woman was Hildegarde of Bingen (1098-1179), who apparently had visions explained to her in Latin by a voice from heaven, and concluded by writing two medical manuscripts on plant animal and mineral medicines, and on physiology and the nature of the disease. Women were also involved in folk, alternative, and commercial medicine at this time, although many notable women who specialized in these areas are hard to classify.

In What Ways Is Genre Portrayed in The Sopranos Essay

In What Ways Is Genre Portrayed in The Sopranos - Essay Example In addition, a number of other scenes in the soprano borrow words from some famous gangster films. For instance, one of Tony’s soldiers uses words of the godfather trilogy in the series. In addition, some actors present in the series were also present in known gangster films. For instance, Tony psychiatrist Dr. Jennifer Melfi was also present in â€Å"goodfellas†. Nevertheless, the most notable feature and theme in the series is the presence of women power and gender balance as presented by the women in Tony’s life. In the series, masculinity is seen to be weaker and feminism stronger. Post modern and cultural changes seen clearly in the series (Jameson, 2011, 22). Traditionally the role of women is known to be weak and powerless in society and family level. Women were required to respect men and to adhere to all the needs of men and children. However, in the series â€Å"the sopranos† women depicted in a powerful way and most of them affect the main chara cter Tony directly. As a result, this affects Tony’s decision and emotions with regard to his mafia job. In Francis ford coppola’s, the Godfather part 3 (1990), Kay figures out her trepidation of Corleone by proclaiming; â€Å"I don’t hate you Michael, I dread you†. She obviously had a valid reason for her â€Å"dread† since at the end of the movie, Mary their daughter saves her father. In the soprano, the women like Carmela soprano, Livia, Janice and meadow present considerable influence with regard to gender. Tony’s mother, Livia, present the first influence. According to Tony, Livia was responsible for turning Tony’s father into a â€Å"squeekin’ little gerbil† prior t his death. Livia’s importance can be seen through her persistence in achieving her goals and objectives. women often overlooked in gangster scenes, especially a mother. Nevertheless, Livia ensures this does not take place. Carmela, Tony’s wife is also a very influential human in Tony’s life, even though she overlooked the queer behavior of Tony. However, she does not allow threats at her home, children or even to herself. In addition, she does not allow people to affect her personally. For instance, she confronts her confessor father Phil for playing with her feelings and emotions. She is a strong woman and advocates doing anything to safeguard her family. She ensures the society and her family view her as an equal to Tony. Meadow Tony’ daughter also had a strong influence on her father. Meadow was in a relationship with a half African-American half-Jewish man. Tony did not accept the relationship, and she was afraid on behalf of her daughter. Nevertheless, meadow was persistent and insisted on staying on the relationship. This shows how the women in the soprano were strong willed and had influence on men especially on Tony. The series presents the power of women and how Tony the main character is affec ted emotionally. He is forced to put his family first and give in to their demands. For instance, when meadow demands a car from her father, Tony gives her the car he won through a gambling debt. After discovering what her father had done, she disowned him. Tony faces a difficult time after that, and he was affected emotionally. Tension engulfs Tony’s family; therefore, the episode presented a learning experience. The gangster lifestyles embarked by Tony does not assist her family in any way. The materialistic wealth does not make his family strong. Meadow

Prehistoric Medicine Essay Example for Free

Prehistoric Medicine Essay They used herbalism; the practise of using herbs to heal people. In each tribe there were shamans who would ‘exorcise ill people’ demons’ and apothecary. They had medicine men who were shamans and witch-doctors. They would provide supernatural treatments like charms, spells and amulets to ward off evil spirits. If someone was ill the medicine man would initiate a ceremony over the patient where they would use magic formulas prayers and drumming. People thought that the medicine men could contact the spirits or Gods so people looked up to them. They used healing clays to heal their internal and external wounds and just after surgery. Prehistoric people also used trepanning mainly in Peru. This was when they would drill a hole in a person’s skull to relieve pressure. It was mainly done as an emergency operation after a head wound to remove shattered bits of bone. They believed it would treat epileptic seizures, migraines and mental disorders. They would keep the bit of skull around their neck as they thought it would ward off evil spirits. Nowadays people use a modernised trephine instrument in a corneal transplant surgery. Early medicine for Greeks and Romans: Hippocrates: Born 470 BCE ‘Father of Modern Medicine’ He had a theory of the 4 humours. He thought that the human body contained 4 important liquids called humours. They thought if the humours became unbalanced then people would become ill. The 4 humours were black bile, yellow bile blood and phlegm. His theory was wrong but it was a breakthrough in medicine because it made people think that illness was caused by something natural inside your body instead of the Greek Gods. Quote from a book in the Hippocratic Collection of books: ‘Man’s body†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦has blood, phlegm, yellow bile and melancholy (black) bile. These make up his parts and through them he feels illness or enjoys health. When all these elements are truly balanced and mingled, he feels the most perfect health. Illness occurs when one of these humours is in excess or is lessened in amount or is entirely thrown out of the body.’ Hippocrates invented the Hippocratic Oath which was taken by all physicians; this is still in use today. Herophilus: He was the 1st anatomist. He introduced the experimental method to science. He discovered that the brain controls how the body works, not the heart by dissecting human bodies. He also identified parts of the stomach. He did a lot of work on nerves. Claudius Galen: He was the Roman Emperor’s doctor. Galen’s work was based on the Hippocratic Collection. He was one of the Great surgeons of the ancient world. He added his own theory to the 4 humours theory. He developed a theory called the ‘treatment of opposites’. So if an illness was caused by heat he would cool them down and vice versa. Galen also emphasized the importance of clinical observation and would take detailed notes on his examination of his patients. He was one of the 1st physicians who used experiments in his medical investigation. Through that he proved that urine was formed in the kidney as opposed to the bladder. His most important discovery was that the arteries carried blood but he never discovered circulation.

Puritians and How they Related to The Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

Historic Essay Many people only have ideas as to what the puritans were really like. Most people think they were just an overly serious, narrow minded group of people. In some cases this is true, but over all they weren’t. Nathaniel Hawthorne proves this point in his novel â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. His characters are dynamic, in the sense that they all share a common and even persecuting faith yet still find time to be individuals with out letting go of that faith. The puritans were a group composed largely of yeomen farmers, artisans, country gentlemen and city merchants. There was no class-struggle in their minds; their common bond was religion. There ideas a bout religion weren’t wrong, they were just medieval. The central core of Catholic thought in the middle ages was that man was created for the glory of God, and that the unique duty and purpose of man was to serve Him and to do His will. This is just what the puritans thought about life. Most people think that the puritans only had their faith to keep them busy, but this isn’t true. They felt that idleness was a cardinal sin. This concept is modern, it is the very fabric of American life. We as Americans are always busy, most of us barely sit to have a meal. â€Å"We resolve to approve ourselves to the Lord in our particular calling† reads the Salem covenant â€Å"shunning idleness as the bane of every state.† Some people even believe that puritans caused proh ibition. This is completely fabricated because hard liquor was consumed by the men and â€Å"small beer† and â€Å"hard†cider by a large portion of the populace, including children(the fermentation process acted as a prophylactic against some of the diseases borne by poor well-water quality). Of course drunkenness was forbidden and punished. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the people of the community’s true characters reveal themselves when in chapter 11 page 99, Reverend Dimmesdale confess’s that he is a sinner like them. They react by saying â€Å"The Saint on earth! Alas, if he discern such sinfulness in his own white soul, what horrid spectacle in thine on mine!† In simpler terms, they think that if Dimmesdale thinks himself a sinner than they must be like Satan himself because of all their sins. These thoughts reveal the peoples true characters because it is obvious that the only reason they are so serious and strict with their religion is because they think they won’t be able to go to heaven unless they behave that way.

Funny Games Movie Analysis

The preferred reading from director Michael Haneke gives a lot of insight to why the audience felt the way they did. Haneke’s intended message of the film was irony. â€Å"All the rules that usually make the viewer go home happy and contented are broken in my film,† (Haneke). This is why the film makes audiences so uncomfortable; it takes them out of their standard beliefs of what a film should have in it. Haneke breaks these rules several times to give the audience increased feelings of anxiousness. â€Å"There’s this unspoken rule that you can’t harm animals. What do I do? I kill the dog first thing. The same thing with the boy. You’re not supposed to break the illusion. What do I do? I break the illusion. It’s the principle of the whole film. It’s a very ironic film,† (Haneke) Haneke also displays the irony through the music, â€Å"Just like the film is a parody of a classical thriller, John Zorn is a parody of classical heavy metal. The classical music is not a soundtrack in this movie. All my music is not meant as a soundtrack—is part of the action, part of the story. The other music, the John Zorn music, is under the titles, and it’s the ironic colon. OK, now we go to a thriller,† (Haneke) Haneke’s second message is manipulation, â€Å"I wanted to show the audience how much they can be manipulated,† (Haneke). He purposefully toys with the audience, bringing them to unfamiliar territory. â€Å"First they think it’s all an illusion, just a film, then I do this rewinding and suddenly you go back. I look at the viewer directly, I talk to him, I wink at him. I do this again and again to show how much one can manipulate. In view of this overriding illusion in movies, it’s a good idea to create a little bit of mistrust in the verite, in the truth of moving pictures. † As for Peter and Paul being gay that interpretation was not intended. â€Å"We heard it before, but I’m very surprised actually. First of all, the actors aren’t gay, but that would be beside the point. I don’t know why people think that—because they are handsome, or have white clothes on, I don’t know,† (Haneke). Overall Haneke wanted the audience to feel a, â€Å"Slap in the face,† and it definitely worked. The negotiated reading for Funny Games describes the movie as, â€Å"Horror that really scared, devastated, and stayed with me long after the final scene was over,† (Galina 1). I feel that this is close to what I was thinking after the film and also to many others in the class. The nonchalant nature of Paul and Peter really sticks to you and the infamous George, â€Å"Why are you doing this to us? † Paul, â€Å"Why not? † is absolutely chilling. This is scary to most people because the audience is used to a killer that has a direct motive and a back story. Funny Games leaves you with none of that and because this is very uncommon our lack of gap-fill is shocking. â€Å"I can't easily recall another movie that made me go through the same emotions as the innocent victims in the movie did, to feel the same helplessness, hopelessness, despair, humiliation, and horror,† (Galina 1). All of these emotions build up to a realization that the good guys won’t win. Most of the time movies punish evil and let the good prevail but when this doesn’t happen audiences are shocked because our gap-fill between good and evil comforted us that there was a chance for the good. After the awareness that evil has won a sense of â€Å"They are among us, they are nice and polite, well read, shy and ironic, they have the names from the new Testament, Paul and Peter, they talk with the soft refined voices but they are monsters nevertheless who have no regard for a human life and who want to play their sadistic funny games to the extreme,† sets in (Galina 1). This reception of the movie Funny Games is what I feel most viewers felt.

Poetry from Other Cultures Essay

Poets who were born in Britain don’t usually write about slavery or how important water is to them. Many poets who are not originally into a traditional English culture use English in many different ways. Night of the scorpion, Limbo and Sacrifice all seem like they are poems that have been written to represent beliefs or a way of life. They have all got rhythms and beats and some even use nursery rhymes or chants as a basis for the poem. Language is extremely important to some people especially poets. Sometimes you can see by looking at a poem that it is not written in Standard English. At the beginning of Night of The Scorpion, a child is talking about how it remembers the night when its mother was stung by a scorpion. The child mentions â€Å"Ten hours of steady rain has driven him to crawl beneath a sack of rice†. Here, the child is describing the scorpion and the reason for its arrival. The child points out that the scorpion â€Å"parted with its poison† which literally means that the scorpion has stung someone. Throughout the poem, the scorpion is described as an evil being; â€Å"The flask of diabolic tail in the dark room† shows this. When the mother was stung, the villagers are described as â€Å"swarming flies†. This may mean they were running to help the mother or running away from the scorpion. The villagers chant the name of god to the mother, chanting the name of god in some cultures, is said to bring luck or hope to the person they are chanting for. In the poem it also states that the villagers used torches and lanterns to try and find the scorpion. As the villagers moved around with the torches and lanterns, the scorpion left shadows on the â€Å"mud baked walls†. The villagers could not find the scorpion so they started to make a â€Å"clicking† noise to try and draw the scorpion towards them. In one part of the poem, it mentions that the scorpion was controlling the poison that was inside the child’s mother. â€Å"With every movement the scorpion made, his poison moved around the mothers blood†. The villagers seem to believe that the scorpion controls the poison that is inside the mother so they think that if they capture the scorpion, the poison inside the mother will also stop moving. They state that they want to stop the scorpion on line 18, â€Å"May he sit still†. After line 18, a series of sentences are started with the word â€Å"may†. In Standard English, this word usually introduces a polite request. The villagers all sat round whilst the mother laid there. It is described that there is a look of understanding on all of the people’s faces, which shows that they are supporting the mother, hoping she will be fine. In some cultures it is believed that if you catch the scorpion that has poisoned someone, the victim will recover. This may be why the villagers were so keen to capture the creature. The poet then describes how everyone is trying to help the child’s mother recover. â€Å"My father, sceptic, rationalist, trying every curse and blessing, powder, mixture, herb and hybrid. He even poured a little paraffin wax upon the bitten toe and put a match to it†. â€Å"I watched the flame feeding on my mother† this is one of the most effective quotes in this poem as it’s dramatic and metaphorical. Again, the poet describes how people are trying to help the child’s mother by writing; â€Å"I watched a holy man perform his rites to tame the poison with an incantation†. The p poet gives the effect that the poison has been inside the mother for a long time by saying; â€Å"After twenty hours, it lost its sting† The last three lines of the poem have had a large amount of thought go into them, as it’s unusual to normally end a poem like this. The poem Limbo, tells the story of slavery in a rhyming, rhythmic dance. It is ambiguous and complex. There are two main narratives running in parallel; the actions of the dance and the history of a people – which is being enacted. Going down under the limbo stick is likened to the slaves going down into the hold of the ship, which carries them into slavery. In Roman Catholic tradition, Limbo is a place to which the souls of people go, if they are not good enough for heaven but not bad enough for hell, between this is Limbo. It has come to mean an unpleasant place or a state of mind or body from which it is difficult to escape. The story of slavery told in the poem is very easy to follow, yet full of detail and action. The poem has a very strong beat, suggesting the dance it describes. The rest of the poem tells a story enacted in a dance. These lines are greatly rhythmic and almost every syllable is stressed, until the very last line, where the rhythm is broken, suggesting the finish of the dance and the end of the narrative. This poem is suited to a dramatic performance – there is the dancing under the limbo stick and the acting out the voyage into slavery. The poem can be chanted or sung with a rhythmic beat to give the best effect. The poem refers to a â€Å"drummer† which may be suitable. The poem is laid out on the page in a very peculiar fashion; this is related to the poem being chant like. Parts of the poem are echoed or at least rhyming in a repetitive way to suggest that this may not be any song or dance, but one of an â€Å"African† like culture. From the start of the poem, it seems pessimistic, but as you read on towards the end of the poem, it gradually stats to change into an optimistic look onto what will happen. â€Å"The music is saving me† could mean that the songs of their cultures were what gave them hope or the fact that the drummer was beating a rhythmic beat was what got them to carry on. The first line of sacrifice is an unusual line to start with because describing a goat having a knife dragged across its neck isn’t the sort of image you would want to convey for the opening sentence. The person’s point of view throughout the poem seemed to switch between two characters, a young boy and a goat being sacrificed. â€Å"Two spadefuls of dirt will cover me up forever† & â€Å"I can feel its point on my throat†. Many cultures bless their house or have some kind of ceremony once the house is built. Also, there are still some cultures today that sacrifice animals to their â€Å"gods†. â€Å"We stand in a tight circle around the animal to be sacrificed† this short sentence is a great example of this. It seems that the child in question seems to dislike the idea of animals being sacrificed. â€Å"The heat and the smell of the blood make me dizzy†. Again, there is a whole paragraph describing just how the animal in question is sacrificed. The writer of the poem has made a strange choice by putting both children and the theme of sacrificing together, as usually a poet would not normally do this. â€Å"The children are fascinated by the tableau†. Here, a drama convention is used. A tableau is a still image that can be used at the beginning, during or at the end of a piece of drama. Again, the idea of ceremonies are used; â€Å"A white bearded man chants something holy†. â€Å"The cameras click.† This short sentence sounds wrong when put into context with the theme of the poem. The idea of people taking pictures of an animal that has just been sacrificed is disgusting. The ending of the poem is unusual because it seems that it is from the boy’s point of view because it describes the house as an unnecessary killing. â€Å"We are not laying the foundations of a house but another dachau.† A Dachau is a Nazi concentration camp where thousands of Jews were exterminated.

Rasputin essays

Rasputin essays Folklores are tales shrouded in mystery and mysticism, often depicting a time and an era long since dead, but there is a story of a man, not to long ago which entertains all the traits of a tall tale. Nobody in recent Russian history commands as much villainy, sainthood and mystery as the charismatic and often elusive Grigory Efimovich Rasputin. This saint who sinned# played a constructive role in the disruption of the Romanov family, the political upheaval of Russia and the eventual fall of the Tsar and his family. There were some that believed him a messenger of god, but in truth Rasputin was a just man, a man who had the incredible ability to deliver people from the confinements of their minds to the righteousness of faith. As past tales have shown, the religious or revolutionary awakening of an individual or a nation results in an irrevocable disruption of the current foundation. Whether Rasputin was the political mastermind or just a humble monk who believed in the pl easures and gratuity of occultism, he changed Russia in a way that will never be repeated or repented. Tsar Nicholas II son Alexei the only male produced by the royal couple, was the foundation of Rasputins bond with the Tsars. On the second meeting with the tsars, Rasputin requested to meet their son. # He asked for their consent to relieve the childs suffering with a prayer.# Alexei had not been able to fall asleep, beleaguered by his last attack of Hemophilia.# The eccentric peasant approached the crib and began to pray.# Before the tsars themselves, the boy began to grow tranquil and peacefully fell asleep. He awoke healthy the next morning, and it was called a miracle by the tsarina.# Rasputin had now become indispensable. # But Rasputins behavior grew more out of control by the minute.# The monk boasted of his exploits with the Empress and her daughters, even claiming the Tsar was at...

Defining Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Defining Law - Essay Example Undoubtedly, to be of use, most rules or systems of rules require a method of enforcement, whether the method be remedial in nature, such as a civil judgment, or a penal sanction imposed in a criminal matter. John Austin, a proponent of the social fact thesis of legal positivism, contends that the primary distinguishing feature of a legal system is whether its rules can be enforced (1995). Austin argues that a rule of law in society is legally valid if and only if that rule is commanded by the society's sovereign and is backed up with the threat of sanction, or enforcement (1995). As such, it is Austin's position that the essential element of a law is whether someone has the ability to sanction its noncompliance. Austin's position seems tenable. Indeed, without enforcement, laws have no effect. To ensure compliance, and in the absence of any moral obligation to obey a law, an absence which we must presume, a law must impose a consequence for a violation. Even the rules that govern the application of law, such as rules of procedure, require some sort of sanction for a breach. A prominent philosopher of law, H.L.A. Hart, has suggested that Austin's position on enforcement is clear when applied to those laws that restrict our behavior, but is inapplicable to the set of rules that grant us the power to create rights and obligations, such as contracts and wills (1994). Even those rules, however, are "enforced" through sanction, to wit, the threat of litigation and the possibility of voiding, for example, a created document should it contain a flaw. And the essence of such litigation, indeed the very root of its existence, is that law is subject to interpretation. Ronald Dworkin, a pillar of modern legal philosophy, believes that adjudication is and should be interpretive (1982). According to Dworkin, judges should look to the "political structure of their community" when deciding hard cases by, first, ensuring that their interpretation is in accordance with the community's existing legal practices, and, second, that the interpretation is presented in the best moral light (1982). As such, Dworkin posits that a law is specifically characterized by its language, the facts to which the law must be applied, and the best moral application of that law given the social practices of a particular community. The idea that law is a set of rules subject to interpretation was also recognized by the legal realist movement. Inspired by John Chipman Gray and Oliver Wendall Holmes, and reaching its analytical peak in the 1920s and 1930s, legal realism contradicted legal formalism by asserting that judicial decision making is guided far more frequently by the political and moral insights of the judge rather than by legal rules (Himma, 2006). Legal formalism embraced the concept that a judge's decision, or holding, would always logically follow from the legal rule being applied to a particular set of facts, leaving little or no room for interpretation (Himma, 2006). The realist model asserts the opposite extreme, claiming that (1) any matters worth litigating are thereby divisive enough to require interpretation of the applicable rules, (2) judges make new law in exercising discretion when deciding legal disputes, and (3) when deciding

Segmentation and Introduction to Product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Segmentation and Introduction to Product - Essay Example This is a category of the market that requires the color and the type of shapes that the product is associated with. It is star shaped and the unique shape is meant to attract children. Children respond better to such uniqueness that the product is known for. The cereal is manufactured from whole grain wheat and provides eight important vitamins and other essential minerals such as iron and calcium. These minerals help in growth which makes the product more suitable for children. The packaging of products determines the response they get from the market. In this case, the packaging has lots of cartoons which would draw attention from children. One other feature that makes this cereal favorable to women is the fact that it is chocolate flavored. The affinity women have for chocolate would draw their attention to notice this product when on a shopping spree. Consequently, as a product targeting women, Estreliats is bound to captivate the female